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Certain procedural gaps in the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 have increased India’s vulnerability to international investment disputes. A contemporary case study for this is the Indo Gold v. India arbitration, in which claims against lapsing of prospecting licenses have been raised. This paper argues that the current reliance on extended litigation and investor-state dispute settlement system creates burdensome costs and increases regulatory uncertainty. As a remedy, the specialised Mining Mediation Model is proposed, which closely aligns with the Mediation Act, 2023. This framework advocates for pre-termination mediation, strict time-bound resolutions, and inclusion of independent technical experts for mineral asset valuation, and thus provides a neutral, transparent, and commercially viable alternative.
ENFORCEMENT REALITIES AND THE TERRITORIAL CONFLICT IN CROSS-BORDER ARBITRATION Section 48 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act envisages refusal of enforcement of a foreign award on grounds including violation of natural justice and conflict with public policy. It is necessary for narrowly construing public policy and not expansively. In the present matter, this criterion appears to be exceeded. Private dispute resolution
INTRODUCTION As the fallout between MSA Global and EPIL reached the apex court, serious reservations regarding the continuation of proceedings at the seat court of the dispute were expressed. A timeline of proceedings highlights a legal deadlock with the granting of an anti-arbitration injunction (AAI) by the Delhi High Court (Delhi HC) for a stay of proceedings and a counter anti-suit injunction (ASI) by the Singapore court. The
In Part I of this article, we traced the structural shift from human judgment to code-based arbitration, identifying a fundamental displacement of equity in systems like Kleros and emerging AI models. Part II takes up the mantle by analyzing the “consent paradox” that emerges when party autonomy is exercised within such rigid frameworks. Finally, it moves beyond critique to propose hybrid, design-based mechanisms for reintroducing equity into the automated landscape.
This article is published in two parts. The first establishes the doctrinal foundations by examining how equity functions within blockchain-based dispute resolution. Part II, which follows in the next issue, tackles the paradox of party autonomy and outlines practical ways to safeguard equity in an increasingly automated legal landscape.
A three-judge Bench of the Supreme Court, in The State of Jharkhand v. The Indian Builders, Jamshedpur (2025), reopened the question of whether arbitral tribunals may award claims expressly barred by contract. In doing so, it referred Bharat Drilling & Foundation Treatment Pvt. Ltd. v. State of Jharkhand (2009) to a Larger Bench. This marks a significant development in Indian arbitration jurisprudence, with contractual consent being viewed as the primary source for arbitral jurisdiction. This blog examines the rationale behind Bharat Drilling, situates the referral within the Supreme Court’s evolving emphasis on party autonomy, and reflects on its implications for public procurement and fiscal governance.
Over the past decade, Indian courts have repeatedly affirmed a strong pro-enforcement stance towards foreign arbitral awards under Part II of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (“The Act”), with a focus on the narrow refusal grounds in Section 48. Against this backdrop, the Madras High Court’s decision in Olam International Ltd. v. Manickavel Edible Oils (P) Ltd. (“Olam”) presents an interesting position.